Carbonization

Conversion of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) into Charcoal & Producer Gas
Jalaj Kr. Chaturvedi, Shivam Enterprises, Kolkata, April 3, 2007
[img_assist|nid=192|title=Charcoal Pellets from MSW|desc=|link=node|align=center|width=400|height=301]

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Partially burned material a boon to plants: Sandy (Oregon) resident sees biochar as a way to fertilize and capture carbon
By Garth Guibord, The Gresham Outlook, Mar 30, 2007

When most people see a pile of sticks and wood, all they see is sticks and wood. Sandy resident Paul Elmore, 39, sees possibilities. He sees biochar Running sports | Nike Air Force 1'07 Essential blanche et or femme - Chaussures Baskets femme - Gov

What Factors Influence Charcoal Quality?
Tom Miles, Biomass Cooking Stoves June 18, 2006

Temperature

100C -> Wood drying 19 MJ/kg

220C -> Wood becomes brown
250-270C-> Torrefaction 28% fixed carbon, 72% volatile 23.9 MJ/kg
280C -> Wood becomes deep brown-black

300C -> 68% char 32% volatile 40% yield soft, brown, friable

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Charcoal production for carbon sequestration (1.1 mb pdf)
Gustan Pari, Djeni Hendra, Dadang Setiawan, Mahpudin Saepuloh, Salim Soleh, Mad Ali (Forest Products Technology Research and Development Center) and Kiyoshi Miyakuni, Nobuo Ishibashi(Japan International Cooperation Agency) April 2004
Demonstration Study on Carbon Fixing Forest Management in Indonesia

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Green Charcoal by Pronatura International, France

Two billion people around the world use wood for household energy needs. This contributes significantly to the world's deforestation activities as well as increasing the risk of droughts and desertification. In an attempt to reduce deforestation, Pro-Natura has developed Green-Charcoal.

This technological innovation, using agricultural residues and unused biomass, produces an environmentally friendly and economically competitive alternative to wood and charcoal. It has been awarded the 1st Prize 2002 of the ALTRAN Foundation for technological innovation.

Carbon sequestration is another means of mitigating glbal warming. Reforestation and agroforestry practices allow the excess of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere to be stored in trees and in soil (in the form of organic matter). The consequent revitalization of the soil also improves agricultural productivity. In this field Pro-Natura collaborates with Eco-Carbone.

Pro-Natura International has developed a continuous process of pyrolysis of vegetable waste (agricultural residues, renewable wild-grown biomass) transforming them into green charcoal. This domestic fuel performs the same as
charcoal made from wood, at half the cost. It represents a freeing up from the constraints of scarcity, distance and cost of available fuels in Africa.

The machinery required for the process is of relatively modest scale and functions on practically no outside energy and no emission of toxic fumes, it only takes 8 kW of electric power. When run by two persons, it can produce
more than 4 tonnes of green charcoal a day.

Projects- Brazil: Carvao da biomassa

See Pronatura International web page for documents and links.

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CHARCOAL

PRODUCTS, PROPERTIES AND FEEDSTOCKS

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Joshua Bogart wrote:
> There is a local market for this firewood and at least in the smaller
> tracts we would be able to sell as dry firewood, but I am looking into
> the possibility of converting to charcoal which would increase the
> value and lower the costs of transportation, if it would be possible
> to produce energy for local use all the better. How difficult would it
> be to design a system that would 1) work on this type of material, 2)
> provide an efficient charcoal production, 3) provide some energy for
> local use?

Dear Joshua,

The below documents might be of some help:

COMPARING SIMPLE CHARCOAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES FOR THE CARIBBEAN http://www.cd3wd.com/cd3wd_40/vita/charcprd/en/charcprd.htm

Simple technologies for charcoal making
http://www.fao.org/docrep/x5328e/x5328e00.htm

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Odesola, Isaac. F and Owoseni, T. Adetayo,2010

Small Scale Biochar Production Technologies: A Review

Odesola, Isaac. F and Owoseni, T. Adetayo
Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

This paper is set to review the available small scale biochar production technologies. Biochar production technologies are a few of the green technologies that seek to rid the environment of green house gases (GHG). The products of this technology are biochar and biofuels (oil and syngas). Variant methods of this small scale production are known. The use of single (metal) container to two barrels is common, while some units are built of ceramic materials like fired brick. However, there is no published work stating the production of biochar in Nigeria, as at the time of this compilation.

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